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Mayday for Payduy Loans
Jl-n the wake of the subprime loan melt
| | down, Congress and many statelegisla-
JL tures are now promising a crackdown
on the "payday"loan industry. This looks
like another illustration of
how to hurt working Amer-Paycheckicansin the name of helping
them. sure
Payday lenders offer
shorttermloans,typically
of between$100 to $50Oto workers who
need cash in advance of their next paycheck.
Consumer groups and banking industry
critics complain that the fees
charged on paydayloans are "predatory"
and ensnare the poor in a "debt trap." The
Centerfor Responsible Lending, aliberal activist
group, claims the industry costs
Americans$4.2billion a yearby charging
exorbitantfees.
Several dozen U.S. Congressmen recently
signed a letter excoriatingpayday
lenders as "unscrupulous."Lastyear,Mis
souriRepublicanJimTalent was looking for
a populist issue to save his Senate seat, so
he led the fight in Congress to enact legislation
chasingpaydaylendersfrom military
bases.Mr. Talent still lost, but he helped set
a precedentthat Democrats are pursuing
with more onerous measuresnow.
But if paydaylending is such a consumer
rip off, no one has explained why these
stores have become so popular.There are
some 25,000 paydaystoresacross America,
and in many small towns the payday
loanstoreis now as commonplace asthe local
post office. It has become something
like a $6billion industry serving 15 million
peopleeverymonth.
Consumersseemtolikethe convenience
ofinstant cashin advance of theirpaycheck
andpreferthis to pawnshopsor borrowing
moneyfrom family members. Payday lendershavegrown
in size, customer base and
profitability by discovering an unserved
niche in the loan market for convenient,
short term micro-loans. More to the "populist"
point, payday loans offer a valuable
seruice to moderate income workers. Most
borrowers have incomes between $25,000
and$5O000,andpaydayloans are cheaper
than most alternativesfor those facing
short-term financial dis-
advances tress.
Critics complain that
beatloan sharks. the annual percentage
rate (APR)on a two-week
loan of $100with a $15fee
amounts to a predatory390%. But the equiv
alentAPRcost to the borrower of writing a
bounced check can exceed 1,300%, while a
credit card late fee charge can reach 700%.
Some borrowers will also goto loan sharks
as an alternative, and we know how high
their "fees"canbe.
Georgia outlawed paydayloans in 2004,
andthousandsofworkershavesince taken
to traveling over theborder to find payday
stores in Tennessee, Florida and South
Carolina. So the effect ofthe ban has been
to increaseconsumer credit costs and in
conveniencefor Georgia consumers.
The most common proposalsin Con
gresswould cap paydayloan interest rates
at 36% APR. This would cut the fee to $1.38
for a $100loan, less than the charge for a
typical $100ATM fee, and far below the
check transaction cost. This could shut
down much of the industry. But to what
end? This debate is muchlike the contro
versy over bank ATM fees a few yearsago.
Consumer advocates demanded laws cap
ping fees, and where those took effect the
result was not so much lower charges but
fewer ATMs and thus lessconvenience.
A2OO7 New York Federal Reserve Bank
studyrejects the notionofpaydayaspreda
tory and concludes that high prices"mayre
flect too few paydaylenders, rather than
too many." It adds that more regulation
could reduce market entry and "the lackof
competition could drive rates higher." Ban
ning paydayloans might pleasecompeting
banks, credit unions and so-called con
sumer advocates, but it's hard to see how ac
tual consumers would benefit.
hrSf orlotlo?
Jl-n the wake of the subprime loan melt
| | down, Congress and many statelegisla-
JL tures are now promising a crackdown
on the "payday"loan industry. This looks
like another illustration of
how to hurt working Amer-Paycheckicansin the name of helping
them. sure
Payday lenders offer
shorttermloans,typically
of between$100 to $50Oto workers who
need cash in advance of their next paycheck.
Consumer groups and banking industry
critics complain that the fees
charged on paydayloans are "predatory"
and ensnare the poor in a "debt trap." The
Centerfor Responsible Lending, aliberal activist
group, claims the industry costs
Americans$4.2billion a yearby charging
exorbitantfees.
Several dozen U.S. Congressmen recently
signed a letter excoriatingpayday
lenders as "unscrupulous."Lastyear,Mis
souriRepublicanJimTalent was looking for
a populist issue to save his Senate seat, so
he led the fight in Congress to enact legislation
chasingpaydaylendersfrom military
bases.Mr. Talent still lost, but he helped set
a precedentthat Democrats are pursuing
with more onerous measuresnow.
But if paydaylending is such a consumer
rip off, no one has explained why these
stores have become so popular.There are
some 25,000 paydaystoresacross America,
and in many small towns the payday
loanstoreis now as commonplace asthe local
post office. It has become something
like a $6billion industry serving 15 million
peopleeverymonth.
Consumersseemtolikethe convenience
ofinstant cashin advance of theirpaycheck
andpreferthis to pawnshopsor borrowing
moneyfrom family members. Payday lendershavegrown
in size, customer base and
profitability by discovering an unserved
niche in the loan market for convenient,
short term micro-loans. More to the "populist"
point, payday loans offer a valuable
seruice to moderate income workers. Most
borrowers have incomes between $25,000
and$5O000,andpaydayloans are cheaper
than most alternativesfor those facing
short-term financial dis-
advances tress.
Critics complain that
beatloan sharks. the annual percentage
rate (APR)on a two-week
loan of $100with a $15fee
amounts to a predatory390%. But the equiv
alentAPRcost to the borrower of writing a
bounced check can exceed 1,300%, while a
credit card late fee charge can reach 700%.
Some borrowers will also goto loan sharks
as an alternative, and we know how high
their "fees"canbe.
Georgia outlawed paydayloans in 2004,
andthousandsofworkershavesince taken
to traveling over theborder to find payday
stores in Tennessee, Florida and South
Carolina. So the effect ofthe ban has been
to increaseconsumer credit costs and in
conveniencefor Georgia consumers.
The most common proposalsin Con
gresswould cap paydayloan interest rates
at 36% APR. This would cut the fee to $1.38
for a $100loan, less than the charge for a
typical $100ATM fee, and far below the
check transaction cost. This could shut
down much of the industry. But to what
end? This debate is muchlike the contro
versy over bank ATM fees a few yearsago.
Consumer advocates demanded laws cap
ping fees, and where those took effect the
result was not so much lower charges but
fewer ATMs and thus lessconvenience.
A2OO7 New York Federal Reserve Bank
studyrejects the notionofpaydayaspreda
tory and concludes that high prices"mayre
flect too few paydaylenders, rather than
too many." It adds that more regulation
could reduce market entry and "the lackof
competition could drive rates higher." Ban
ning paydayloans might pleasecompeting
banks, credit unions and so-called con
sumer advocates, but it's hard to see how ac
tual consumers would benefit.
hrSf orlotlo?
